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MASW and VS30 Testing for Seismic Site Classification in Repentigny

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Repentigny sits at roughly 10 meters above sea level, stretched along the St. Lawrence River's north shore on a deep sequence of post-glacial marine clays. With over 86,000 residents and steady growth pushing development eastward into Le Gardeur and beyond, the question of seismic amplification keeps coming up in geotechnical reports. The 1988 Saguenay earthquake, a magnitude 5.9 event centered 300 km away, sent enough long-period energy through the region to remind engineers that distance doesn't guarantee safety. National Building Code of Canada (NBCC 2020) now requires site-specific shear wave velocity data for Site Class determination on projects exceeding certain occupancy thresholds. Our approach to seismic site classification integrates the MASW survey directly into the broader geotechnical investigation, eliminating guesswork when the borehole log hits stiff clay at 25 meters and you need to know what lies beneath.

In Repentigny, the difference between Site Class C and D often comes down to the shear wave velocity of just a few meters of desiccated crust overlying the Champlain Sea clay.

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Our approach and scope

Residential subdivisions in Repentigny expanded rapidly through the 1960s and 1970s, often placing split-level homes on shallow footings over Champlain Sea silts without any dynamic soil characterization. Today's infill projects and mid-rise condominiums near Boulevard Iberville face a different regulatory landscape. The MASW method uses a linear array of 24 to 48 geophones and a sledgehammer or weight-drop source to generate a dispersion curve, which is inverted to produce a 1D shear wave velocity profile. The key output for structural engineers is the travel-time-averaged VS30, calculated from the top 30 meters of the profile. The process respects ASTM D5777 guidelines for surface wave methods, and we process the data using the multichannel analysis approach developed at the Kansas Geological Survey. In the Lanaudière clay belt, the velocity contrast between the stiff upper crust and the softer underlying marine silt often shows up sharply on the inversion, providing a clear impedance boundary that helps confirm the depth to glacial till or bedrock.
MASW and VS30 Testing for Seismic Site Classification in Repentigny
Technical reference — Repentigny

Local geotechnical context

The field setup uses a 24-channel seismograph connected to a spread of low-frequency geophones planted in a straight line across the test area. In Repentigny, we often deploy the array along the future building footprint or in a nearby open lot, coupling the geophones firmly into the grass or compacted gravel. The biggest operational risk is cultural noise: traffic vibration from Highway 40 or the rail corridor near the river can contaminate low-frequency data if the survey isn't timed carefully. We typically run the survey on Sunday mornings when ambient noise drops. Another challenge specific to the area is the seasonal frost, which can artificially stiffen the near-surface layer between December and March; we note the ground conditions in the report so the structural engineer can judge whether the measured VS30 reflects frozen or thawed conditions. Wind can also introduce high-frequency noise, so we use geophone burial and wind shields when necessary. The method itself is non-invasive and non-destructive, requiring no drilling or excavation.

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Video overview

Relevant standards

NBCC 2020 – Seismic Site Classification, ASTM D5777 – Standard Guide for Using the Seismic Refraction Method (surface wave section), CSA A23.3 – Design of Concrete Structures (seismic provisions referencing site class)

Technical data

ParameterTypical value
VS30 range (m/s)Typically 180 to 600 in Repentigny soils
Investigation depth30 m standard, extendable to 40 m
Array length46 to 92 m depending on target depth
Source type10 kg sledgehammer or accelerated weight drop
Geophone frequency4.5 Hz vertical component
Sampling interval0.5 to 1.0 ms
Recording duration2 seconds per shot
Data processingDispersion analysis and 1D inversion

Questions and answers

What does a MASW survey cost in Repentigny?

For a single MASW line with VS30 calculation and a signed report, the cost in the Repentigny area typically falls between CA$2,000 and CA$3,950. The range depends on site access, array length needed, and whether the survey is combined with other testing on the same mobilization.

Which Site Classes do we usually encounter in Repentigny?

Most sites along the north shore fall into Site Class D (stiff soil, 180 < VS30 ≤ 360 m/s) or Site Class C (very dense soil, 360 < VS30 ≤ 760 m/s) depending on the thickness of the desiccated crust overlying the Champlain Sea clay. We occasionally see Site Class E (soft soil, VS30 < 180 m/s) in deeper clay pockets near the river.

Can the survey be performed in winter?

Yes, but we note the frozen ground condition in the report. Near-surface velocities can be elevated by frost, which may shift the VS30 upward by 30 to 80 m/s. For final design, a thawed-season measurement is preferable, or the structural engineer can apply a correction factor based on frost depth at the time of testing.

Location and service area

We serve projects in Repentigny and surrounding areas.

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